Hunhu hwe substrate hunosarudza kusimba kwe lens uye kuvimbika kwejasi. Yakanaka substrate yakajeka uye yakajeka, yakareba kushandisa nguva uye isiri nyore kune yero; Uye mamwe malenzi haashandise kwenguva yakareba pane yero, kana kutovhara. Lens yakanaka isina chero zvikweshwa, zvikweshwa, ine mvere pamusoro, gomba, lens oblique kusangana nechiedza chekutarisa, kupedzisa kwakakwira zvakanyanya. Iko hakuna gwapa, dombo, mutsara, bubble, kuputika mukati me lens, uye chiedza chakajeka.
Iyo yakakwirira iyo refractive index, iyo yakaonda lens, uye yakakwirira mutengo.