Kuona kunosanganisira zvinhu zvakawanda, sekuona kwekuona, kuona kwemavara, kuona kwe stereoscopic, uye kuona kwechimiro. Parizvino, akasiyana defocused lenzi anonyanya kushandiswa kururamisa myopia muvana nevechiri kuyaruka, inoda refraction chaiyo. Muchinyorwa chino, tichazivisa muchidimbu huchokwadi hwekururamisa myopia muvana nevechiri kuyaruka, tichitarisa padikidiki dhigirii rekuona kwakanyanya mune refractive prescription kutibatsira kusarudza zvakakodzera.opticallenzi.
Huwandu hudiki hwekuona kwakanakisa hunoda kunyatsoongororwa kuona pazvinenge zvakakodzera kugadzirisa chiono kusvika pa1.5 uye pazvinenge zvakakodzera kugadzirisa chiono chiri pazasi 1.5. Izvi zvinosanganisira kunzwisisa kuti ndeapi mamiriro ezvinhu anoda kudzokororwa kwakarurama uye kuti ndeapi mamiriro anogona kushivirira kusaruramiswa. Tsanangudzo yekuona zvakanaka inofanirawo kujekeswa.
Kutsanangura maitiro ekuona acuity zviyero
Kazhinji, kana vanhu vachitaura nezvekuona acuity, vanenge vachireva chimiro chekuona, ndiko kugona kwemaziso kusiyanisa zvinhu zvekunze. Muchiito chekiriniki, maonero ekuona anonyanya kuongororwa achishandisa chinyorwa chekuona. Kare, machati makuru aishandiswa aive epasi rose mwero wekuona acuity chart kana decimal visual acuity chart. Parizvino, iyo logarithmic tsamba yekuona acuity chati inowanzoshandiswa, nepo mamwe hunyanzvi hunyanzvi angangoda C-mhando yekuona acuity chati. Pasinei nerudzi rwechati yakashandiswa, kuona acuity kunowanzo kuedzwa kubva pa0.1 kusvika 1.5, ine logarithmic visual acuity chart kubva pa0.1 kusvika 2.0.
Kana ziso richikwanisa kuona kusvika 1.0, inoonekwa seyakajairika kuona acuity. Nepo vanhu vazhinji vachigona kuona kusvika 1.0, pane chikamu chidiki chevanhu vanogona kudarika iyi nhanho. Vanhu vashoma vashoma vanogona kutoona zvakajeka se2.0, netsvakiridzo mumarabhoritari inoratidza kuti kugona kwekuona kwakanyanya kunogona kusvika 3.0. Nekudaro, kuongororwa kwekiriniki kunowanzo tarisa 1.0 seyakajairika kuona acuity, iyo inowanzonzi seyakajairika kuona.
1 Kuyera kureba
Iyo 'Standard Logarithmic Visual Acuity Chart' inotara kuti nhambwe yebvunzo i5 metres.
2 Testing Environment
Chati yekuona acuity inofanira kusungirirwa panzvimbo yakavhenekerwa zvakanaka, kureba kwayo kwakabatana kuitira kuti mutsetse wakanyorwa '0' pachati uve padanho rakafanana nemeso emuongorori. Muongorori anofanira kuiswa 5 metres kure nechati, akatarisa kure nechiedza kuti asapinda mumaziso.
3 Kuyera Nzira
Ziso rega rega rinofanira kuongororwa rakaparadzana, kutanga neziso rekurudyi richiteverwa neziso rekuruboshwe. Paunenge uchiyedza ziso rimwe, rimwe ziso rinofanirwa kuvharwa neopaque zvinhu pasina kumanikidza. Kana muongorori achigona kuverenga kusvika kumutsara wechitanhatu zvakajeka, zvakanyorwa se 4.6 (0.4); kana vachigona kuverenga mutsara wechinomwe zvakajeka, wakanyorwa se 4.7 (0.5), zvichingodaro.
Mutsara wakaderera wehutano hwekuona hunogona kuonekwa nemuongorori hunofanira kucherechedzwa (muongorori wekuona acuity inosimbiswa kusvika kune iyo kukosha apo nhamba yakanyatsozivikanwa ye optotypes inodarika hafu yenhamba yose ye optotypes mumutsara unoenderana). Kukosha kwemutsara iwoyo kunonyorwa sekuona kwekuona kweziso iroro.
Kana muongorori asingakwanisi kunyatsoona vara 'E' pamutsara wekutanga wechati neziso rimwe chete, anofanira kukumbirwa kuti afambire mberi kusvika anyatsoona. Kana vachikwanisa kuzviona zvakajeka pamamita mana, maonero avo ekuona ndeye 0.08; pa 3 metres, iri 0.06; pa 2 metres, iri 0.04; pa 1 mita, iri 0.02. Acuity yeziso rimwe chete ye5.0 (1.0) kana pamusoro inoonekwa seyakajairika kuona acuity.
4 Zera Remuongorori
Kazhinji, kuvandudzwa kweziso remunhu kunofambira mberi kubva pakuona kure kuenda kune emmetropia uyezve kusvika pakuona pedyo. Nenzvimbo dzekugara dzakajairwa, kusagadziriswa kwekuona kwemwana kunosvika 0.5 pamakore mana-5 okuzvarwa, kutenderera 0.6 pamakore matanhatu, kutenderera 0.7 pamakore manomwe, uye kutenderera 0.8 pamakore masere. Zvisinei, ziso romwana mumwe nomumwe rinosiyana, uye maverengero anofanira kuitwa maererano nemisiyano yomunhu oga.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti ziso rimwe chete rekuona acuity ye5.0 (1.0) kana pamusoro inoonekwa seyakajairika kuona acuity. Kunyatsoona zvakanaka hakurevi chiono chakanakisa chemubvunzo.
Yakasiyana Refractive Inodiwa paMazera Akasiyana
1 Vachiri kuyaruka (makore 6-18)
Imwe nyanzvi yakataura kuti, "Kusagadziriswa kunogona kutungamirira nyore nyore kuwedzera kwe diopter. Nokudaro, vechidiki vanofanira kuva nekugadzirisa kwakakodzera."
Mazhinji maOptometrists aiwanzopa mishonga yakaderera zvishoma, inozivikanwa se undercorrection, kana ichiitisa bvunzo dzemaziso kune myopic vana nevachiri kuyaruka. Vaidavira kuti kana zvichienzaniswa nemirayiro yokururamisa yakazara, mitemo yokusaruramiswa yaigamuchirwa nyore nyore nevabereki, sezvo vabereki vakanga vasingadi kuti vana vavo vapfeke magirazi ane simba guru, vachitya kuti diopter yaizowedzera nokukurumidza, uye vachityira kuti magirazi acho aizova chinodikanwa chechigarire. . Vanachiremba vemaziso vaifungawo kuti kupfeka magirazi asina kugadziriswa kwaizoderedza kufambira mberi kwemyopia.
Undercorrection for myopia inoreva kupfeka magirazi ane tsamba yakaderera pane yakajairwa, zvichikonzera kururamiswa kwekuona acuity pazasi peyakajairwa 1.0 level (apo isingakwanise kuwana yakakwana yekuona acuity zviyero). Binocular inoona basa revana nevechiri kuyaruka iri munhanho isina kugadzikana uye maonero akajeka anodiwa kuchengetedza kusimudzira kwakagadzikana kwekuona kwavo binocular basa.
Kupfeka magirazi asina kugadziriswa hakungovhiringidzi chete kukwanisa kuona zvinhu zvakajeka muvana nevechiri kuyaruka asiwo kunotadzisa kukura kwakanaka kwekuona. Paunenge uchiona pedyo nezvinhu, simba shoma rekugara uye convergence pane rinowanzoshandiswa rinoshandiswa, zvichiita kuti kuderera kwe binocular kuona basa nekufamba kwenguva, zvichiita kuneta kwekuona, uye kukurumidza myopia kufambira mberi.
Vana havangofanire kupfeka magirazi akanyatsogadziriswa asiwo, kana basa ravo rekuona risina kunaka, vangangoda kudzidziswa kwekuona kuti vavandudze kugona kwemaziso avo kuderedza kuneta kwemaziso uye kunonotsa kufambira mberi kwemyopia kunokonzerwa nekusatarisisa kwekuita. Izvi zvinobatsira vana kuwana zvakajeka, zvakasununguka, uye zvinogara zvichionekwa kunaka.
2 Vechidiki Vakuru (19-40 makore)
Muchiono, myopia mazinga muzera iri akadzikama, ane kunonoka kufambira mberi. Nekudaro, nekuda kwezvakatipoteredza zvinhu, vanhu vanopedza nguva yakareba vachishandisa zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi vanowanzo wedzera mazinga avo myopia. Mumusimboti, iyo yakaderera inodiwa yekuraira kuti uwane yakakwana chiono inofanirwa kuve iyo huru yekutarisisa, asi kugadzirisa kunogona kuitwa zvichienderana nekunyaradza kwevatengi uye zvinoonekwa zvinodiwa.
Zvinoda Kucherechedzwa:
(1) Kana kuwedzera kukuru kwe diopter kuchionekwa panguva yekuongorora kweziso, kuwedzera kwekutanga kwemishonga hakufaniri kudarika -1.00D. Nyatsoteerera zviratidzo zvekusagadzikana zvakadai sekufamba, kukanganisa kwepasi pevhu, dzungu, kujekesa kwekuona pedyo, kusuruvara kweziso, kukanganisa kwemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi, etc. Kana zviratidzo izvi zvikaramba zviripo mushure mokupfeka magirazi kwemaminitsi mashanu, funga kuderedza kunyorerwa kusvikira zviri nyore.
(2) Kune vanhu vane mabasa epamusoro-soro akadai sekutyaira kana kuona mharidzo, uye kana mutengi akasununguka nekururamisa kwakazara, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa kururamisa kwakakodzera. Kana paine nguva zhinji padhuze pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese yemagetsi, funga kushandisa edhijitari lenzi.
(3) Muzviitiko zvekukurumidza kuipa kwe myopia, funga nezve accommodative spasm (pseudo-myopia) zvingaitika. Panguva yekuongororwa kwemaziso, simbisa iyo yakaderera inodiwa mushonga weiyo yakakwana yekuona acuity mumaziso ese, kudzivirira kuwedzeredza. Kana paine nyaya dzine urombo kana kusagadzikana kururamiswa kwekuona acuity, funga kuitisa yakakodzera kuona basa bvunzo."
3 Vakwegura Vagari (makore makumi mana zvichikwira)
Nekuda kwekuderera kwekugona kwekugara kweziso, boka rezera iri rinowanzosangana ne presbyopia. Kunze kwekunangana netsamba yekuona kureba, zvakakosha kuti utarise zvakanyanya kugadziriso yekuona padhuze paunenge uchinyorera magirazi ezera iri uye funga kuchinjika kwemutengi kune shanduko yetsamba.
Zvinoda Kucherechedzwa:
(1) Kana vanhu vachifunga kuti mishonga yavo yemazuva ano haina kukwana uye vane chido chepamusoro chekuona chinhambwe, mushure mekusimbisa chirevo chekuona chinhambwe, zvakakosha kutarisa chiono chiri pedyo. Kana paine zviratidzo zvekuneta kwekuona kana kuderera kwekuona padhuze nekuda kwekuderera kwekugara, funga kutsanangura mapeya anofambira mberi akawanda malenzi.
(2) Kuchinjika kwakaderera muboka rezera iri. Ita shuwa kuti kuwedzera kwega kwega kwemushonga wekuona pedyo hakupfuuri -1.00D. Kana kusagadzikana kukaramba kuripo mushure mekupfeka magirazi kwemaminitsi mashanu, funga kudzikisa kunyorerwa kusvika zvagadzikana.
(3) Kune vanhu vanopfuura makore 60, panogona kunge kune mwero wakasiyana-siyana wecataract iripo. Kana paine kutsauswa mukugadziriswa kwekuona acuity (<0.5), fungidzira mukana wecataract mutengi. Kunyatsoongorora kuchipatara kunodiwa kuti ubvise simba rezvirwere zvemaziso.
Impact yeBinocular Vision Function
Isu tinoziva kuti mibairo yakawanikwa kubva mukuongororwa kweziso inoratidza kutaridzika kwemaziso panguva iyoyo, izvo zvinowanzo vimbisa kupenya kwakajeka pachinhambwe chebvunzo. Muzviitiko zvemazuva ese, kana tichida kuona zvinhu zviri kure kure, tinoda kugadziridzwa uye convergence-divergence (kubatanidzwa kwebinocular vision function). Kunyangwe iine simba rimwechete refractive, nyika dzakasiyana dzebinocular vision function inoda nzira dzakasiyana dzekugadzirisa.
Isu tinokwanisa kurerutsa zvakajairwa binocular kuona abnormalities muzvikamu zvitatu:
1 Kutsauka kwemaziso - Exophoria
Zvinoenderana neabnormalities mu binocular vision function zvinogona kusanganisira: kusakwana convergence, kuwandisa divergence, uye simple exophoria.
Nheyo yezviitiko zvakadaro ndeyekushandisa kururamisa kwakakwana uye kuizadzisa nekudzidziswa kwekuona kuvandudza kugona kwekuona kwemaziso ese uye kuderedza kuneta kwekuona kunokonzerwa nebinocular vision abnormalities.
2 Kutsauka kwemaziso - Esophoria
Zvinoenderana neabnormalities mubinocular vision function zvinogona kusanganisira: kuwandisa convergence, kusakwana kwakasiyana, uye simple esophoria.
Panyaya dzakadai, musimboti wekutarisa kusagadziriswa-pasi uchiona kuona kwakakwana. Kana mabasa ekuona ari pedyo achiwanzoitika, madijita lenzi anogona kushandiswa. Pamusoro pezvo, kupindirana nekudzidziswa kwekuona kuvandudza kugona kwemeso ese ari maviri kunogona kubatsira kuderedza kuneta kwekuona kunokonzerwa nebinocular vision abnormalities.
3 Accommodation anomalies
Zvikurukuru zvinosanganisira: Kusakwana pekugara, pekugara zvakanyanya, kusashanda zvakanaka kwepekugara.
1 Kusakwana Pokugara
Kana iri myopia, dzivisa kurongeka zvakanyanya, koshesa kunyaradza, uye funga kusagadziriswa zvichienderana nemamiriro ekuedza; kana iri hyperopia, edza kururamisa zvizere iyo hyperopic prescription zvakanyanya sezvinobvira pasina kukanganisa kujeka.
2 Pekugara Kwakanyanyisa
Kune myopia, kana iyo yakaderera isina kunaka spherical lens yekunyatsoona isingakwanisi kushivirirwa, funga kusagadziriswa, kunyanya kune vanhu vakuru vanonyanya kuita basa renguva refu. Kana iri hyperopia, edza kururamisa zvizere mushonga pasina kukanganisa kujeka.
3 Kusashanda zvakanaka Kwepokugara
Kune myopia, kana iyo yakaderera isina kunaka spherical lens yekunyatsoona isingakwanisi kushivirirwa, funga kusagadziriswa. Kana iri hyperopia, edza kururamisa zvizere mushonga pasina kukanganisa kujeka.
Mukupedzisa
When zvinosvika kune optometric misimboti, isu tinofanirwa kufunga nezve huwandu hwakakwana hwezvinhu. Patinenge tichifunga nezvezera, tinofanirawo kufunga nezve binocular vision function. Ehe, kune zviitiko zvakakosha senge strabismus, amblyopia, uye refractive anisometropia inoda kutariswa kwakasiyana. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana, kuwana chiono chepamusoro chinonetsa hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwemunhu wese wemaziso. Isu tinotenda kuti nekuenderera mberi nekudzidza, chiremba wese wemaziso anogona kunyatsoongorora uye nekupa data rakanyorwa nerakarurama.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-04-2024