Zvinoenderana neshumo yekutsvagisa neWorld Health Organisation, huwandu hwevarwere vemyopia muChina hwakasvika mamirioni mazana matanhatu muna2018, uye chiyero chemyopia pakati pevechidiki chakaiswa pekutanga pasirese.China yave nyika huru pasi rose ine myopia.Zvinoenderana ne2021 census data, iyo myopia rate inokwana hafu yehuwandu hwenyika.Nehuwandu hwakakura kudai hwevanhu vemyopia, zvakakosha kuti sainzi ikurudzire ruzivo rwehunyanzvi ruzivo rwemyopia.
Iyo nzira ye myopia
Iyo chaiyo pathogenesis ye myopia haisati yanyatsojeka kusvika parizvino.Kutaura zviri nyore, hatizivi kuti nei myopia ichiitika.
Zvinhu zvakabatana ne myopia
Zvinoenderana netsvakiridzo yekurapa uye yeOptometry, kuitika kwemyopia kunokanganiswa nezvinhu zvakawanda senge genetics uye zvakatipoteredza, uye zvinogona kunge zvine chekuita nezvinhu zvinotevera.
1. Myopia ine imwe genetic maitiro.Sezvo tsvakurudzo pamusoro majini zvinhu myopia kunowedzera uye zvakawanda zvakadzama, kunyanya pathological myopia ane nhoroondo yemhuri, zviri pari zvino akasimbisa kuti pathological myopia is a single-gene genetic disease, uye inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye autosomal recessive nhaka..Nyore myopia parizvino inogarwa nhaka kubva kune akawanda zvinhu, nezvakawanikwa zvinhu zviri kuita basa guru.
2. Maererano nemamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, zvinhu zvakadai sekuverenga kwenguva refu kwekuvhara, chiedza chisina kukwana, nguva yakareba yekuverenga, zvinyorwa zvisinganyatsojeka kana zviduku, kugara kusina kunaka, kushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri, kuderedzwa kwemabasa ekunze, uye kuwedzera dzidzo yepamusoro inogona kunge yakabatana ne kukura kwe myopia.zvine chekuita nechiitiko.
Classification kusiyana kwe myopia
Kune akawanda kupatsanurwa kwe myopia, nekuti chikonzero chekutanga, chikonzero chekusagadzikana kwerefractive, dhigirii remyopia, nguva yemyopia, kugadzikana, uye kana kugadzirisa kunobatanidzwa zvese zvinogona kushandiswa semaitiro ekuronga.
1. Zvinoenderana nedhigirii remyopia:
Low myopia:isingasviki 300 madhigirii (≤-3.00 D).
Myopia ine mwero:300 madhigirii kusvika 600 madhigirii (-3.00 D~-6.00 D).
Myopia:yakakura kupfuura 600 madhigirii (> -6.00 D) (inonziwo pathological myopia)
2. Zvinoenderana nerefractive chimiro (chakananga chikonzero):
(1) Refractive myopia,inova myopia inokonzerwa nekuwedzera kwesimba refractive reziso reziso nekuda kweabnormal eyeball refractive components kana kusanganisa kusina kujairika kwezvikamu apo kureba kweaxial kweziso kuri kwakajairika.Mhando iyi ye myopia inogona kuva yenguva pfupi kana yekusingaperi.
Refractive myopia inogona kukamurwa kuita curvature myopia uye refractive index myopia.Iyo yekutanga inonyanya kukonzerwa nekunyanya kukombama kwecornea kana lens, sevarwere vane keratoconus, spherical lens kana diki lens;iyo yekupedzisira inokonzerwa nekunyanyisa refractive index yeaqueous kuseka uye lens, senge primary cataract, iris-ciliary muviri kuzvimba varwere.
(2) Axial myopia:Inoparadzaniswa zvakare kuva isiri-plastiki axial myopia uye plastiki axial myopia.Non-plastic axial myopia inoreva kuti refractive simba reziso rakajairika, asi kureba kweanterior and posterior axis yeziso reziso rinopfuura zvakajairika.Imwe neimwe 1mm kuwedzera muziso reziso rakaenzana nekuwedzera kwe300 madhigirii emyopia.Kazhinji, iyo diopta yeaxial myopia isingasviki 600 madhigirii emyopia.Mushure mokunge diopter ye partial axial myopia inowedzera kusvika ku600 degrees, axial kureba kweziso rinoramba richiwedzera.Iyo myopia diopter inogona kusvika kune madhigirii anopfuura 1000, uye mune dzimwe nguva inotosvika 2000 madhigirii.Rudzi urwu rwe myopia runodaidzwa kuti progressive high myopia kana deformed myopia.
Maziso ane shanduko dzakasiyana dzepathological dzakadai seyepamusoro myopia, uye chiratidzo hachigone kugadziriswa zvinogutsa.Mhando iyi yemyopia ine nhoroondo yemhuri uye ine hukama nemajini.Kuchine tariro yekudzora uye kupora muhuduku, asi kwete semunhu mukuru.
Plastic axial myopia inonziwo plastiki yechokwadi myopia.Zvikonzero, sekushaikwa kwevhithamini uye kutsvaga zvinhu panguva yekukura nekukura zvinogona kukonzera myopia, pamwe neiyo myopia inokonzerwa neophthalmia kana zvirwere zvemuviri.Iyo zvakare yakakamurwa kuita epurasitiki yenguva pfupi pseudomyopia, epurasitiki yepakati myopia uye epurasitiki axial myopia.
(a) Plastic temporary pseudomyopia:Mhando iyi ye myopia inotora nguva pfupi kuumba pane yepurasitiki yenguva pfupi pseudomyopia.Iyi mhando ye myopia, senge yekugara kwenguva pfupi pseudomyopia, inogona kudzokera kune yakajairika kuona munguva pfupi.Mhando dzakasiyana dze myopia dzinoda nzira dzakasiyana dzekupora.Hunhu hwepurasitiki yenguva pfupi pseudomyopia: kana zvinhu zvichigadziriswa, maonero anovandudza;apo zvinhu zvitsva zvinomuka, myopia inoramba ichidzika.Kazhinji, kune mapurasitiki emhando kubva pa25 kusvika ku300 madhigirii.
(b) Plastic yepakati myopia:Iyo yekuona acuity haina kuvandudza mushure mekugadzirisa zvinhu, uye hapana epurasitiki yechokwadi myopia inotambanudza axis yekuona.
(c) Plastic axial myopia:Kana iyo yepurasitiki pseudomyopia mu axial myopia mhando inokura kuita epurasitiki yechokwadi myopia, zvakanyanya kuoma kudzoreredza kuona.Myopia kudzoreredza kudzidziswa 1 + 1 sevhisi inoshandiswa, uye kumhanya kudzoreredza kuri kunonoka.Zvinoda Iyo nguva zvakare yakareba kwazvo.
(3) Miyopi inosanganiswa:mhando mbiri dzekutanga dze myopia dziripo
3. Kuronga maererano nekukura kwechirwere uye kuchinja kwehutano
(1) Myopia iri nyore:Iyo inozivikanwawo seyechidiki myopia, imhando yakajairika ye myopia.Zvikonzero zvemajini hazvisati zvanyatsojeka.Iyo inonyanya kuenderana neyakakura-yakanyanya kuona mutoro panguva yekuyaruka uye kukura.Nezera uye kukura kwemuviri, pane imwe zera, ichave yakagadzikana.Chiyero che myopia chinowanzove chakaderera kana pakati, myopia inofambira mberi zvishoma nezvishoma, uye chiono chakagadziriswa chakanaka.
(3) Pathological myopia:Iyo inozivikanwawo seinofambira mberi myopia, inowanzove ine genetic factor.Myopia inoramba ichidzika, inofambira mberi nokukurumidza munguva yekuyaruka, uye mboni yeziso ichiri kukura kunyange mushure memakore makumi maviri.Zvichiperekedzwa nezvinetso zvakadai sekuderera kweretina mumusana weziso, myopic arc spots, macular hemorrhage, uye posterior scleral staphyloma, chirwere chinowedzera kuwedzera uye kukura;mhedzisiro yekugadziriswa kwechiratidzo haina kunaka mumatanho ekupedzisira.
4.Classification maererano kana pane simba rekugadzirisa rinobatanidzwa.
(1) Pseudomyopia:Iyo inozivikanwawo se accommodative myopia, inokonzerwa nekushanda kwenguva refu yepedyo, kuwedzera kwekuona mutoro, kusakwanisa kuzorora, kugadzikana kwekugara kana spasm yekugara.Myopia inogona kunyangarika kuburikidza nemishonga kuti iwedzere vana.Nekudaro, zvinotendwa kuti iyi mhando ye myopia ndiyo yekutanga nhanho yekuitika uye kukura kwe myopia.
(2) Myopia yechokwadi:Mushure mekushandisa cycloplegic agents uye mamwe madhiragi, iyo myopia dhigirii haina kuderera kana dhigirii remyopia inoderera neisingasviki 0.50D.
(3) Yakasanganiswa myopia:inoreva diopter ye myopia iyo yakaderedzwa mushure mekushandisa cycloplegic zvinodhaka uye mamwe marapirwo, asi iyo emmetropic state haisati yadzorerwa.
Myopia yechokwadi kana yenhema inotsanangurwa zvichibva pakuti kugadzirisa kunobatanidzwa.Maziso anogona kuswededza ari ega kubva kure kusvika kune zvinhu zviri pedyo, uye kugona uku kwekukura kunotsamira pakugadzirisa basa remaziso.Abnormal pekugara basa remaziso rakakamurwazve kuva: accommodative temporary pseudomyopia uye accommodative chokwadi myopia.
Accommodative temporary pseudomyopia, chiono chinovandudza mushure memydriasis, uye chiono chinovandudza mushure mokunge maziso azorora kwenguva yakati.Mune acmodative yepakati myopia, iyo yekuona acuity mushure mekunyururwa haigone kusvika 5.0, axis yeziso ndeye yakajairika, uye periphery yeziso reziso haina kutambanudzwa anatomically.Chete nekuwedzera iyo myopia dhigirii nenzira kwayo ndipo panogona kuwanikwa acuity yekuona ye5.0.
Accommodative yechokwadi myopia.Inoreva kutadza kwe accommodative pseudomyopia kudzoserwa nenguva.Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anogara kwenguva yakareba, uye axis yeziso inorebeswa kuitira kuti ienderane nenharaunda iyi yekuona iri pedyo.
Mushure mekunge kureba kweaxial kweziso kwarebeswa, mhasuru dze ciliary dzeziso dzinoregedzwa uye convexity ye lens inodzokera kune yakajairika.Myopia yapedza nzira itsva yekushanduka-shanduka.Imwe neimwe axial kureba kweziso inowedzerwa ne1mm.Myopia inodzika ne300 degrees.Accommodative yechokwadi myopia inoumbwa.Rudzi urwu rwechokwadi myopia rwakasiyana chaizvo neaxial true myopia.Mhando iyi yechokwadi myopia inewo mukana wekuona kupora.
Kuwedzera kune myopia classification
Tinofanira kuziva pano kuti pseudomyopia haisi yezvokurapa "myopia" nokuti iyi "myopia" inogona kuvapo kune ani zvake, mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu ekugadzirisa, uye chero nguva, uye maziso achaneta.Iyo myopia inonyangarika mushure mekunge vana vanyururwa ndeye pseudomyopia, uye myopia ichiripo ndeyechokwadi myopia.
Axial myopia inorongerwa zvichienderana nechikonzero chekusagadzikana mune refractive media mukati meziso.
Kana ziso riri emmetropic, akasiyana refractive media ari muziso anongoburitsa mwenje paretina.Kune vanhu vane emmetropic, iyo yakazara refractive simba reakasiyana refractive media muziso uye chinhambwe (yeziso axis) kubva ku cornea pamberi peziso kusvika kune retina kumashure zvakanyatsoenderana.
Kana iyo yakazara refractive simba yakakura kana chinhambwe chakareba, mwenje unowira pamberi pe retina kana uchitarisa kure, iyo myopia.Myopia inokonzerwa nepamusoro refractive simba is refractive myopia (inokonzerwa ne corneal abnormalities, lens abnormalities, cataracts, chirwere cheshuga, nezvimwewo), uye axial myopia inokonzerwa nekurebesa kweaxial kureba kwemboni yeziso kupfuura emmetropic state (rudzi rwe myopia iyo vanhu vazhinji vane)).
Vanhu vazhinji vanoita myopia panguva dzakasiyana.Vamwe vanozvarwa vaine myopia, vamwe vane myopia mukuyaruka, uye vamwe vanova myopic mukukura.Maererano nenguva ye myopia, inogona kukamurwa kuva congenital myopia (myopia inoberekwa), myopia yepakutanga (pasi pemakore gumi nemana), kunonoka-kutanga myopia (makore 16 kusvika ku18), uye kunonoka-kutanga myopia (mushure memakore gumi nemana. kukura).
Pane zvakare kana iyo diopta ichachinja mushure mekunge myopia yakura.Kana iyo diopter isingashanduki kwemakore anopfuura maviri, yakagadzikana.Kana iyo diopter ikaramba yakareba mukati memakore maviri, inofambira mberi.
Pfupiso ye myopia classification
Muminda yezvekurapa ophthalmology uye optometry, kune mamwe akawanda kupatsanurwa kwe myopia, izvo zvatisingazosuma nekuda kweiyo microscopic hunyanzvi.Kune akawanda maclassifications e myopia, ayo asingapokane.Vanongoratidzira kuoma uye kusava nechokwadi kwemaitiro ekuitika kwemyopia uye kukura.Isu tinofanirwa kutsanangura uye kusiyanisa mapoka e myopia kubva kune akasiyana mativi.
Dambudziko remyopia reumwe neumwe wevanhu vedu vemyopic rinofanira kunge riri bazi rechikamu chinoenderana myopia.Hapana mubvunzo kuti hazvisi zvesainzi kutaura nezve myopia kudzivirira uye kutonga zvisinei neiyo myopia classification.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-24-2023