Sekureva kwemushumo wekutsvagisa wakaitwa neWorld Health Organisation, huwandu hwevarwere vane myopia muChina hwakasvika mamiriyoni mazana matanhatu muna 2018, uye huwandu hwemyopia pakati pevechidiki hwakaiswa pekutanga pasi rose. China yave nyika yakakura pasi rose ine myopia. Sekureva kwedata rekuverengwa kwevanhu ra2021, huwandu hwemyopia hunosvika hafu yevanhu vemunyika. Nehuwandu hwakawanda hwevanhu vane myopia, zvakakosha zvikuru kusimudzira ruzivo rwehunyanzvi rwune chekuita nemyopia nesainzi.
Maitiro e myopia
Kusvika pari zvino, hazvisati zvanyatsojeka kuti chirwere chemyopia chinokonzereswa nei.
Zvinhu zvine chekuita ne myopia
Zvichienderana neongororo yezvekurapa nemaziso, kuitika kwemyopia kunokanganiswa nezvinhu zvakawanda zvakaita semajini nenzvimbo yakapoteredza, uye zvinogona kunge zvine chekuita nezvinhu zvinotevera.
1. Myopia ine katsika kemajini. Sezvo tsvakiridzo pamusoro pezvinhu zvemajini zvemyopia ichiramba ichidzama, kunyanya myopia yepathological ine nhoroondo yemhuri, parizvino zvasimbiswa kuti pathological myopia chirwere chemajini chega, uye chinonyanya kuzivikanwa i autosomal recessive inheritance. . Simple myopia parizvino inogara nhaka kubva kuzvinhu zvakawanda, nezvinhu zvinowanikwa zvichitamba basa guru.
2. Kana tichitaura nezvezvinhu zvakatipoteredza, zvinhu zvakaita sekuverenga uri pedyo kwenguva refu, kusawana chiedza chakakwana, kuverenga kwenguva yakareba, kunyora kusina kujeka kana kuti kudiki, kugara usina kumira zvakanaka, kushaya chikafu chakakwana, kudzikira kwemabasa ekunze, uye kuwedzera kwedzidzo zvinogona kunge zvine chekuita nekukura kwemyopia.
Kusiyana kwekupatsanurana kwe myopia
Kune marudzi akawanda emhando ye myopia, nekuti chikonzero chekutanga, chikonzero che refractive abnormalities, mwero we myopia, nguva ye myopia, kugadzikana, uye kana kugadziriswa kunobatanidzwa zvese zvinogona kushandiswa senzira dzekuisa muzvikamu.
1. Zvichienderana nehukuru hwe myopia:
Myopia yakaderera:tembiricha iri pasi pemadhigirii 300 (≤-3.00 D).
Myopia iri pakati nepakati:Madhigirii 300 kusvika madhigirii 600 (-3.00 D~ -6.00 D).
Myopia:tembiricha inopfuura madhigirii 600 (>-6.00 D) (inonziwo pathological myopia)
2. Zvichienderana nechimiro che refractive (chikonzero chakananga):
(1) Myopia inodzivirira kusviba kwemaziso,inova myopia inokonzerwa nekuwedzera kwesimba re refractive rebhora reziso nekuda kwekusajairika kwezvikamu zve refractive rebhora reziso kana musanganiswa wezvikamu zvisina kujairika nepo kureba kwe axial kweziso kuri kwakajairika. Rudzi urwu rwe myopia runogona kuva rwenguva pfupi kana rwechigarire.
Myopia inodzivirira kupenya kwemaziso inogona kukamurwa kuita myopia inokombama uye myopia inorwisa kupenya kwemaziso. Yekutanga inonyanya kukonzerwa nekukombama kwakanyanya kwe cornea kana lenzi, sevarwere vane keratoconus, lenzi inotenderera kana lenzi diki; yekupedzisira inokonzerwa nekukombama kwakanyanya kwemvura uye lenzi, senge varwere vane cataract yekutanga, varwere vane kuzvimba kwemuviri we iris-ciliary.
(2) Kukanganisika kwetsinga dzemusana:Inopatsanurwazve kuita non-plastic axial myopia uye plastic axial myopia. Non-plastic axial myopia zvinoreva kuti simba re refractive reziso rakajairika, asi kureba kwe anterior ne posterior axis yeziso kunodarika mwero wakajairika. Kuwedzera kwega kwega kwe 1mm mu eyeball axis kwakaenzana nekuwedzera kwema 300 degrees e myopia. Kazhinji, diopter ye axial myopia isingasviki ma 600 degrees e myopia. Mushure mekunge diopter ye partial axial myopia yawedzera kusvika ma 600 degrees, kureba kwe axial kweziso kunoramba kuchiwedzera. Myopia diopter inogona kusvika ma 1000 degrees, uye mune dzimwe nguva inotosvika ma 2000 degrees. Rudzi urwu rwe myopia runonzi progressive high myopia kana deformed myopia.
Maziso ane shanduko dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvirwere zvakaita semyopia yakakwira, uye kuona hakugone kugadziriswa zvinogutsa. Rudzi urwu rwemyopia rune nhoroondo yemhuri uye rwakabatana nemajini. Pachine tariro yekudzora nekupora muhudiki, asi kwete semunhu mukuru.
Plastic axial myopia inonziwo plastic true myopia. Zvikonzero zvakaita sekushaikwa kwemavhitamini nezvinhu zvinotevedzana panguva yekukura zvinogona kukonzera myopia, pamwe nemyopia inokonzerwa nemaziso kana zvirwere zvemuviri. Inopatsanurwazve kuva plastic temporary pseudomyopia, plastic intermediate myopia uye plastic axial myopia.
(a) Kuonekwa kwepseudomyopia kwenguva pfupi yepurasitiki:Rudzi urwu rwe myopia runotora nguva pfupi kuti ruumbwe pane plastic temporary pseudomyopia. Rudzi urwu rwe myopia, se accommodative temporary pseudomyopia, runogona kudzokera kukuona kwakajairika munguva pfupi. Mhando dzakasiyana dze myopia dzinoda nzira dzakasiyana dzekupora. Hunhu hwe plastic temporary pseudomyopia: kana zvinhu zvikagadziriswa, kuona kunovandudzika; kana zvinhu zvitsva zvikamuka, myopia inoramba ichidzika. Kazhinji, kune plasticity range inotangira pa25 kusvika 300 degrees.
(b) Myopia yepakati pepurasitiki:Kuona zvakanaka hakugadzirisike mushure mekugadzirisa zvinhu, uye hapana plastic true myopia inowedzera divi rekuona.
(c) Myopia yepurasitiki:Kana plastic pseudomyopia iri mumhando ye axial myopia ikakura kuita plastic true myopia, zvinova zvakaoma kudzoreredza kuona. Myopia recovery training 1+1 service inoshandiswa, uye kukurumidza kupora kunononoka. Zvinoda Nguva yacho yakarebawo.
(3) Myopia yakabatana:mhando mbiri dzekutanga dze myopia dzinogara pamwe chete
3. Kupatsanura zvichienderana nekufambira mberi kwechirwere uye shanduko dzezvirwere
(1) Myopia iri nyore:Inozivikanwawo sejuvenile myopia, imhando yakajairika yemyopia. Zvinhu zvinokonzerwa nemajini hazvisati zvanyatsojeka. Inonyanya kuenderana nekuwanda kwekuona panguva yekuyaruka nekukura. Nezera uye kukura kwemuviri, pazera rakati, inowanzova yakagadzikana. Mwero wemyopia unowanzova wakaderera kana uri pakati nepakati, myopia inofambira mberi zvishoma nezvishoma, uye kuona kwakagadziriswa kwakanaka.
(3) Myopia yezvirwere:Inozivikanwawo seprogressive myopia, inonyanya kuva nemagene factors. Myopia inoramba ichidzika, inokura nekukurumidza panguva yekuyaruka, uye mboni yeziso ichiri kukura kunyangwe mushure memakore makumi maviri. Kushanda kwekuona kunokanganiswa zvakanyanya, kunoratidzwa nedaro riri pasi penguva yakatarwa uye kuona pedyo, uye kusanzwisisika kwekuona uye kusiyanisa. Zvichienderana nematambudziko akadai sekuora kwe retinal muposterior pole yeziso, myopic arc spots, macular hemorrhage, uye posterior scleral staphyloma, chirwere ichi chinowedzera kukura uye kukura; mhedzisiro yekugadzirisa kuona haina kunaka muzvikamu zvekupedzisira.
4. Kupatsanura zvichienderana nekuti pane simba rekugadzirisa rinobatanidzwa here.
(1) Pseudomyopia:Inozivikanwawo se accommodative myopia, inokonzerwa nekushanda kwenguva refu, kuwedzera kwekuona, kutadza kuzorora, accommodative tension kana accommodative spasm. Myopia inogona kupera kuburikidza nemishonga yekuwedzera machubhu emuviri. Zvisinei, zvinowanzo fungidzirwa kuti rudzi urwu rwe myopia ndiyo danho rekutanga rekuonekwa uye kukura kwe myopia.
(2) Myopia chaiyo:Mushure mekushandisa mishonga ye cycloplegic nemimwe mishonga, chiyero che myopia hachidziki kana chiyero che myopia chinoderera neasingasviki 0.50D.
(3) Myopia yakasanganiswa:zvinoreva diopter ye myopia yakaderedzwa mushure mekushandisa mishonga ye cycloplegic nedzimwe nzira dzekurapa, asi mamiriro e emmetropic haasati agadziriswa.
Myopia yechokwadi kana yenhema inotsanangurwa zvichienderana nekuti pane kugadziriswa here. Maziso anogona kuswedera ega kubva pazvinhu zviri kure kusvika pedyo, uye kugona uku kuswedera kunoenderana nebasa rekugadzirisa maziso. Basa rekugara risina kujairika remaziso rakakamurwazve kuita se: accommodative temporary pseudomyopia uye accommodative true myopia.
Accommodative temporary pseudomyopia, kuona kunovandudzika mushure me mydriasis, uye kuona kunovandudzika mushure mekunge maziso ambozorora kwenguva yakati. Mu accommodative intermediate myopia, kuona kushoma mushure mekureba hakugone kusvika 5.0, axis yeziso yakajairika, uye miganhu yebhora reziso haiwedzerwi zvichienderana nemuviri. Kungowedzera mwero we myopia zvakakodzera chete ndiko kunogona kuita kuti kuona kusvike 5.0.
Myopia chaiyo yemumba. Inoreva kutadza kwepseudomyopia yekumba kuti idzoke nenguva. Mamiriro aya anogara kwenguva yakareba, uye denderedzwa reziso rinorebeswa kuitira kuti rienderane nemamiriro ezvinhu aya ari pedyo nekuona.
Kana kureba kwemaziso kwareba, tsandanyama dzeziso dzinozorora uye kutenderera kwelenzi kunodzokera kune zvakajairika. Myopia yapedza nzira itsva yekushanduka-shanduka. Kureba kwemaziso kwega kwega kunowedzerwa ne1mm. Myopia inodzika nemadhigirii mazana matatu. Myopia chaiyo inogadzirwa. Rudzi urwu rwemyopia chaiyo rwakasiyana zvakanyanya nemyopia chaiyo yeaxial. Rudzi urwu rwemyopia chaiyo rune mukana wekuti maziso adzoke.
Kuwedzera kune myopia kupatsanura
Tinofanira kuziva pano kuti pseudomyopia haisi "myopia" yekurapa nekuti iyi "myopia" inogona kuvapo kune chero ani zvake, mune chero mamiriro ekusagona kuona, uye chero nguva, uye maziso anenge aneta. Myopia inonyangarika mushure mekunge vana vakura ipseudomyopia, uye myopia ichiripo imyopia chaiyo.
Axial myopia inorongwa zvichienderana nechikonzero chezvisina kunaka mu refractive media iri mukati meziso.
Kana ziso riri re emmetropic, mitsetse yakasiyana-siyana ye refractive iri muziso inongodzosera chiedza pa retina. Kune vanhu vane emmetropic, simba rose re refractive remitsetse yakasiyana-siyana ye refractive iri muziso uye daro (eye axis) kubva ku cornea iri kumberi kweziso kusvika ku retina iri kumashure zvinoenderana chaizvo.
Kana simba rose re refractive rakakura zvakanyanya kana kuti daro rakareba zvakanyanya, chiedza chinowira pamberi pe retina kana uchitarisa kure, inova myopia. Myopia inokonzerwa nesimba guru re refractive i refractive myopia (inokonzerwa nekusagadzikana kwe cornea, kusarongeka kwe lens, cataracts, chirwere cheshuga, nezvimwewo), uye axial myopia inokonzerwa nekureba kwe axial length yeziso kupfuura emmetropic state (rudzi rwe myopia rune vanhu vazhinji)).
Vanhu vazhinji vanowana myopia panguva dzakasiyana. Vamwe vanozvarwa vaine myopia, vamwe vanowana myopia vachiri kuyaruka, uye vamwe vanowana myopia pavanenge vava vanhu vakuru. Zvichienderana nenguva yemyopia, inogona kukamurwa kuva myopia yekuzvarwa nayo (myopia inoberekwa), myopia inotanga kutanga (vari pasi pemakore 14), myopia inotanga kunonoka (makore 16 kusvika 18), uye myopia inotanga kunonoka (mushure mekukura).
Panewo kana diopter ichachinja mushure mekunge myopia yatanga. Kana diopter ikasachinja kwemakore anopfuura maviri, inenge yakagadzikana. Kana diopter ikaramba kwenguva refu mukati memakore maviri, inenge ichifambira mberi.
Pfupiso yekupatsanurwa kwe myopia
Muminda yekurapa maziso nemaziso, kune mamwe marudzi akawanda emhando ye myopia, atisingazounze nekuda kwehunyanzvi hudiki. Kune marudzi akawanda emhando ye myopia, asingapesani. Anongoratidza kuomarara uye kusava nechokwadi kwemaitiro ekuita kwe myopia nekukura kwayo. Tinofanira kutsanangura nekusiyanisa marudzi e myopia kubva muzvinhu zvakasiyana.
Dambudziko remyopia remunhu wese ane myopia rinofanira kunge riri muchikamu chemyopia chinoenderana naro. Hazvina musoro kutaura nezvekudzivirira nekudzivirira myopia pasinei nekupatsanurwa kwemyopia.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-24-2023