Astigmatism chirwere chemaziso chinowanzoitika, chinowanzo kukonzerwa nekukombama kwe cornea. Astigmatism inowanzo vapona, uye mune dzimwe nguva, astigmatism inogona kuitika kana chalazion yenguva refu ikadzvanya bhora reziso kwenguva yakareba. Astigmatism, se myopia, haidzoreki. Kazhinji, astigmatism iri pamusoro pemadhigirii 300 inonzi astigmatism yakakwira.
Kune matambudziko akawanda ane chekuita nemagirazi ane astigmatism yakakwira, kunyanya kuvana nevechiri kuyaruka. Pabasa chairo, vanachiremba vedu vemaziso vanowanzo sangana nevanhu vane astigmatism yakakwira. Zvakakosha kusarudza magirazi nemafuremu akakodzera.
Kusiyana pakati pe astigmatism ne myopia
Chimiro che cornea hachina kurongeka, hachina kutenderera asi chakatenderera. Simba re refractive riri munzira yakatwasuka uye yakatwasuka zvakasiyana. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mushure mekunge chiedza chekunze chadzoserwa ne cornea, haigone kuumba focus kana ichipinda mukati meziso. Pane kudaro, inoumba focal line, zvichiita kuti retina ionekwe. Kuonekwa kwacho kwadzikira, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa nekuona. Matambudziko e astigmatism, kunyanya astigmatism isina kusimba, anogona kunge asina kukanganisa zvakanyanya kuona, asi astigmatism yakawanda ichave nemhedzisiro pakuona.
Myopia inoitika kana chiedza chekunze chichipinda muziso uye chikadzorwa nehurongwa hweziso hwekudzorwa. Chinhu chinonyanya kutariswa nemufananidzo hachigone kuwira pa retina, zvichikonzera dambudziko rekuona zvisina kujeka kure. Pane misiyano yakakosha mumifananidzo ye myopia ne astigmatism, uye zvakasiyanawo zvakanyanya mukuona chaiko. Vanhu vazhinji havanyatsonzwisisi izvi, zvichikonzera kuvhiringidzika.
Kune varwere vashoma vane chirwere che astigmatism chiri nyore, uye vazhinji vavo vane chirwere che near astigmatism kana kuti far astigmatism. Mukuita optometry, zvakakosha zvikuru kupa mishonga inogadziriswa zvichibva pakusiyana kwemifananidzo pakati pe astigmatism ne myopia.
Tsanangudzo uye kuratidzwa kwe astigmatism yakakwira
Kuoma kweastigmatism kunokamurwa zvichienderana nedhigirii. Astigmatism iri pasi pemadhigirii 150 iastigmatism iri pakati pemadhigirii 150 ne300 iastigmatism iri pakati nepakati, uye astigmatism iri pamusoro pemadhigirii 300 iastigmatism yakakwira. Astigmatism yakakwira inogona kukonzera kukuvara kwakawanda kumaziso edu:
1. Zvinokonzera misoro, maziso anorwadziwa, nezvimwewo: Kusagadzikana kwakanyanya pasina kugadziriswa kunogona kukonzera misoro inorwadziwa, maziso anorwadziwa, nezvimwewo. Zvinogonawo kukonzera mamiriro asina kunaka akadai sekurereka musoro. Saka, avo vane kusagadzikana kwakanyanya vanofanira kugadziriswa.
2. Kuneta kwekuona: Nekuda kwesimba rakasiyana re refractive remeridian yega yega, astigmatism haigone kuumba focus kana ichidzosera chiedza chakafanana, asi mitsetse miviri ye focus, saka uropi hunowanzo sarudza kududzira zvinhu. Kuti uone mamiriro acho zvakajeka, astigmatism inofanira kugadziriswa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kuderedza saizi yedenderedzwa rekupararira kuti kunatsiridze kunaka kwemufananidzo. Astigmatism yakanyanya, kana ikasagadziriswa zvakanaka kana isina magirazi, inogona kukonzera musoro, kuneta kwekuona nezvimwe zviratidzo, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kukura kuneta kwekuona.
3. Kuona zvinhu zviri pedyo nezviri kure: Vanhu vane astigmatism yakaoma vanoona zvinhu zviri kure nezviri pedyo zvisina kujeka. Varwere vanowanzova netsika yekuvhara maziso avo nehafu vobva vatsveta-tsveta kuti vaone zvinhu zvakajeka.
4. Kurasikirwa nekuona: Mumaziso ane maziso asinganzwisisike, chinhu chinoonekwa chiri kure nemutsara we retina chichava chakajeka, mipendero yacho inenge isina kujeka, uye zvichave zvakaoma kuziva. Kuona kunenge kwadzikira, uye muzviitiko zvakakomba, kuona kaviri kunoitika. Kuwedzera kune astigmatism yemuviri, marudzi ese e astigmatism anogona kukonzera kurasikirwa nekuona zviri nyore.
5. Kumanikidzwa pamboni yeziso: Astigmatism inowanzo gadziriswa nemagirazi akajairwa kana ma contact lenses. Kana kukuvara uye chalazions pamaziso zvikasarapwa nenguva, zvinodzvinyirira mboni yeziso kwenguva yakareba uye zvinokonzera astigmatism. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, astigmatism inogonawo kusanganiswa ne pseudomyopia. Cherechedza kuti chikamu che pseudomyopia chinofanira kubviswa, uye astigmatism inogona kugadziriswa nemagirazi.
6. Amblyopia: Chirwere ichi chinowanzoonekwa muvanhu vane astigmatism yakanyanya, kunyanya hyperopic astigmatism. Nekuti zvakaoma kuona zviri kure uye pedyo zvakajeka, uye kuona hakugone kuitwa, amblyopia inowanzoonekwa, uye strabismus inowanzoonekwa.
Magirazi anopenya zvakanyanya
Magirazi ane astigmatic anonetsa kugadzira nekuda kwesimba rawo rakadzama. Saka, astigmatism yepamusoro inogona kuve nemagirazi e resin ane refractive index resin uye magadzirirwo aspherical, kuitira kuti asaite seakakora zvakanyanya. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti magirazi ane astigmatism yakakwirira anowanzo kuve akatevedzana ema lens akagadzirwa. Kana astigmatism yakakwira, zvinova zvakaoma kugadzirisa, uye ma parameter akaomarara anofanira kugadzirwa. Kune astigmatism yakakwira zvakanyanya, ma parameter e frame anofanirwawo kupihwa kuti abatsire nekugadzira lens.
Pakusarudza mafuremu, unofanirawo kufunga nezvehunhu hwakakosha hweastigmatism yakakwira zvakanyanya. Sezvo ukobvu hwemucheto hwemalenzi eastigmatism huchisiyana zvikuru, unofanirwa kungwarira zvakanyanya pakusarudza mafuremu. Sarudza mafuremu etitanium kana titanium alloy ane dhayamita diki dzakachinjika uye kusimba kwakasimba kwezvinhu. Unogona zvakare kusarudza acetate fiber kana maplate frames ane shrinkage yakanaka. mira.
Hazvikurudzirwi kusarudza mafuremu asina furemu kana hafu yefuremu. Zviri nani kusarudza mafuremu akazara. Pakugadzirisa nekugadzira, nyatsotarisa dambudziko rekutsauka kwelenzi kunochinja astigmatism axis yelenzi nekuda kwetekinoroji isina kunaka yekuiisa pamwe nemidziyo yakagadzika.
Maitiro ekusarudza mafuremu anonyanya kushatisa:
A. Isa zvinhu zvakareruka pakutanga
Kurema kwechinhu chinoiswa pafuremu chimwe chezvinhu zvinokanganisa huremu hwemagirazi. Kune vanhu vane myopia yakakwira, pakusarudza mafuremu, unogona kutarisisa zvakanyanya zvinhu zvakaita setitanium yakachena, tungsten carbon, machira matete, uye TR90. Mafuremu akagadzirwa nezvinhu izvi anowanzo kureruka uye ari nyore kupfeka. Akasununguka zvikuru, anogara kwenguva refu uye haakurumidzi kucheneruka.
B. Furemu yakazara> Hafu yefuremu> Furemu isina furemu
Kutsvinda kwakanyanya kunowanzova nemagirazi akakora, uye mafuremu asina miganhu uye asina miganhu zvishoma anoburitsa malenzi pachena, izvo zvisingangokanganisi chitarisiko chete, asiwo zvinoita kuti mafuremu acho ave nyore kuchinja, zvichikonzera shanduko pakati pemagirazi uye astigmatism axis yemalenzi, zvichikanganisa kugadzirisa. Vanhu vane astigmatism yakakwirira vari nani kusarudza mafuremu akazara.
C. Furemu hombe haisi sarudzo yakanaka
Vanhu vanopfeka magirazi makuru kwenguva yakareba vanogona kuona zvishoma nezvishoma uye kuona zvishoma. Kuapfeka kwenguva yakareba kunogona kukonzera dzungu nedzungu. Magirazi makuru anowanzova anorema uye haana kukodzera vanhu vane myopia yakanyanya. Kuapfeka kwenguva yakareba kuchaisa mhino dzakasimba, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kuchinja kwemhino nekufamba kwenguva.
Kune zvakawanda zvakakosha zve optometry nemagirazi, zvakaita se diopter ne interpupillary distance. Kana wakapfeka magirazi makuru, unofanira kunyatsotarisa kana nzvimbo iri pakati pema lenzi maviri ichienderana nenzvimbo iri pakati peziso rako. Kana paine kutsauka, kunyangwe kana magirazi acho akanyorwa nemazvo, uchanzwa kusagadzikana mushure mekupfeka magirazi. Edza kusarudza furemu ine upamhi hudiki hwegirazi, uye edza kuchengetedza kukwirira kwepamusoro nepazasi kudiki, kuitira kuti kunyaradzwa kusaderedzwe nekuda kwekushanduka kwe peripheral.
D. Sarudza furemu ine daro riri pedyo pakati pemagirazi emaziso.
Kureba kwemaziso nemaziso kunoreva kureba kuri pakati pemusoro wekumashure kwelenzi nemusoro wekumberi kwecornea. Malenzi ekugadzirisa astigmatism malenzi e cylindrical. Kana kureba kwemaziso nemaziso kukawedzera, simba re refractive rinoderera (dhigirii rakakwirira, kuderera kukuru), uye kuona kwakarongeka kunodererawo. Kureba kuri pakati pemagirazi emaziso emagirazi anonyanya kusimba kunofanira kunge kuri kudiki sezvinobvira. Panyaya yekusarudza chimiro chefuremu nekugadzirisa furemu, unofanira kuedza kusarudza mhino dzemhino kana malenzi ane daro riri pedyo pakati pemagirazi emaziso.
E. Usasarudze mafuremu ane matembere akatetepa zvakanyanya
Kana matende akatetepa zvakanyanya, simba riri pamberi nepashure pefuremu harizoenzane, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti furemu ireme pamusoro uye iise huremu hwakawanda pamhino, zvichiita kuti magirazi atsvedzere pasi zviri nyore uye zvichikanganisa kugadzikana kwekupfeka. Kana uine astigmatism (kunyanya iyo ine astigmatism iri pakati nepakati kusvika yakakwira), pakusarudza magirazi, unofanirwa kusarudza mafuremu akakodzera daro repakati pevana.
Simba renzvimbo ye astigmatism axis pamagirazi
Chiyero che astigmatism chiri pakati pe1-180 degrees. Ndichanyanya kutarisa pakusarudza mafuremu e180 ne90 astigmatism axes.
Kutanga tinofanira kuziva kuti astigmatism axis iri pa180°, uye ukobvu huri pa90° (kurudyi). Saka, kukwirira kwefuremu yefuremu yatinosarudza hakufanirwe kunge kwakakwirira. Kana tikasarudza furemu ine furemu yakaderera, ukobvu hwedivi rakatarisa kumusoro huchapera, uye magirazi anozobuda achava akareruka uye akatetepa. (Kana furemu yakakwira, ichave yakatenderera; kana furemu yakaderera, ichave yakaenzana.)
Kusiyana neizvi, kana nzvimbo ye axis iri 90, ukobvu huchava 180 (nzira yakatambanuka). Kazhinji chikamu chedu chakakora chiri kunze, uye ukobvu hwe astigmatism hunowedzerwa kunze, saka ukobvu hwacho hunowedzerwa. Nokudaro, furemu inofanira kuva diki uye yakatetepa, kureva kuti, kana huwandu hwe lens width + center beam width huri pedyo ne interpupillary distance yako, ndipo pachavawo netete. Zvakakosha kusarudza index lens yakakwira kuti ukobvu husanyanye kuonekwa.
Pakuiswa kwemagirazi, "kunyaradzwa" uye "kujeka" zvinowanzopesana uye zvakaoma kuwiriranisa. Kupesana uku kunotonyanya kuoneka pamagirazi ane astigmatism. Kujeka kunoda kugadziriswa, asi kunyaradzwa hazvirevi kuti kujeka. Semuenzaniso, kusapfeka magirazi ndiko kwakanyanya kugadzikana, asi hazvina kunyatsojeka.
Magirazi ane astigmatism yakanyanya anobatwa zvakanyanya uye anoda kunyatsoongororwa mumaziso uye mushonga wechiremba. Kana ukasangana neastigmatism yakanyanya, unofanirwa kutarisisa kuenzaniswa kwefuremu/lenzi nedhigirii reastigmatism nenzvimbo yeaxis kudzivirira zvichemo zvevatengi uye kusagadzikana nekuda kwematambudziko ezvigadzirwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-17-2023